Kejadian 30:9

30:9 When Leah saw that she had stopped having children, she gave ¹  her servant Zilpah to Jacob as a wife.

Kejadian 16:2-3

16:2 So Sarai said to Abram, “Since ²  the Lord has prevented me from having children, have sexual relations with ³  my servant. Perhaps I can have a family by her.” ⁴  Abram did what ⁵  Sarai told him.

16:3 So after Abram had lived ⁶  in Canaan for ten years, Sarai, Abram’s wife, gave Hagar, her Egyptian servant, ⁷  to her husband to be his wife. ⁸ 

[30:9]  ¹ tn Heb “she took her servant Zilpah and gave her.” The verbs “took” and “gave” are treated as a hendiadys in the translation: “she gave.”

[16:2]  ² tn Heb “look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) introduces the foundational clause for the imperative to follow.

[16:2]  ³ tn Heb “enter to.” The expression is a euphemism for sexual relations (also in v. 4).

[16:2]  sn The Hebrew expression translated have sexual relations with does not convey the intimacy of other expressions, such as “so and so knew his wife.” Sarai simply sees this as the social custom of having a child through a surrogate. For further discussion see C. F. Fensham, “The Son of a Handmaid in Northwest Semitic,” VT 19 (1969): 312-21.

[16:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “perhaps I will be built from her.” Sarai hopes to have a family established through this surrogate mother.

[16:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “listened to the voice of,” which is an idiom meaning “obeyed.”

[16:2]  sn Abram did what Sarai told him. This expression was first used in Gen 3:17 of Adam’s obeying his wife. In both cases the text highlights weak faith and how it jeopardized the plan of God.

[16:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “at the end of ten years, to live, Abram.” The prepositional phrase introduces the temporal clause, the infinitive construct serves as the verb, and the name “Abram” is the subject.

[16:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “the Egyptian, her female servant.”

[16:3]  ⁸ sn To be his wife. Hagar became a slave wife, not on equal standing with Sarai. However, if Hagar produced the heir, she would be the primary wife in the eyes of society. When this eventually happened, Hagar become insolent, prompting Sarai’s anger.